A new report entitled United States Contributions to the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (U.S. IIOE-2) summarizes discussions that took place during an Indian Ocean community workshop co-sponsored by OCB in September 2017 (La Jolla, CA). The purpose of this document is to motivate and coordinate U.S. participation in IIOE-2 by outlining a core set of research priorities that will accelerate our understanding of geologic, oceanic, and atmospheric processes and their interactions in the Indian Ocean.