OCB Science Highlights

OCB Science Highlights

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Unexpected patterns of carbon export in the Southern Ocean

July 7, 2020

The Southern Ocean is a major player in driving global distributions of heat, carbon dioxide, and nutrients, making it key to ocean chemistry and the earth’s climate system. In the ocean, biological production and export of organic carbon are commonly linked to places with high nutrient availability. A recent paper, published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, […]

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Physics vs. biology in Southern Ocean nutrient gradients

June 16, 2020

In the Southern Ocean, surface water silicate (SiO4) concentrations decline very quickly relative to nitrate concentrations along a northward gradient toward mode water formation regions on the northern edge (Figure 1a, b). These mode waters play a critical role in driving global nutrient concentrations, setting the biogeochemistry of low- and mid-latitude regions around the globe […]

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Arctic rivers as carbon highways

June 16, 2020

Rapid environmental changes in the Arctic will potentially alter the atmospheric emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A recent study on the Canadian Arctic published in Geophysical Research Letters reveals that spring meltwater delivery drives episodic outgassing events along the lake-river-bay continuum. This spring runoff period is not […]

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A Methane-Charged Carbon Pump in Shallow Marine Sediments

June 3, 2020

Ocean margins are often characterized by the transport of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, entering from the subsurface and moving towards the seafloor. However, a significant portion of subsurface methane is consumed within shallow sediments via microbial driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). AOM converts the methane carbon to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and reduces […]

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Global change impacts soil carbon storage in blue carbon ecosystems

May 20, 2020

Vegetated coastal “blue carbon” ecosystems, including sea grasses, mangroves, and salt marshes, provide valuable ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm protection, critical habitat, etc.. Many of these services are supported by the ability of blue carbon ecosystems to accumulate soil organic carbon over thousands of years.  Rapidly changing climate and environmental conditions will impact […]

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Light matters for biological pump assessments

May 7, 2020

Organic carbon produced during photosynthesis in the sunlit euphotic zone is transported to the deep ocean via the ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP). Even small changes in the BCP efficiency changes the carbon dioxide gradient across the ocean‐atmosphere interface, thus influencing global climate. A recent study in PNAS demonstrate that prior studies that estimate BCP […]

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Autonomous platforms yield new insights on North Atlantic bloom phenology

April 22, 2020

Phytoplankton produces organic carbon, which serves as a major energy source in marine food webs and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Studies of phytoplankton seasonal timing (phenology) have been a major focus in oceanography, especially in the subpolar North Atlantic region, where massive increases in phytoplankton biomass (blooms) occur during the […]

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An Important Biogeochemical Link between Organic and Inorganic Carbon Cycling: Contributions of Organic Alkalinity

April 8, 2020

As a part of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), organic acid charge groups can contribute significantly to total alkalinity (TA) in natural waters. Such a contribution is termed as organic alkalinity (OrgAlk). Beyond being part of TA, OrgAlk represents an important biogeochemical linkage between organic and inorganic carbon cycling. In other words, the biogeochemical cycling of […]

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Little big exporters

April 8, 2020

In the Southern Ocean, coccolithophores are thought to account for a major fraction of marine carbonate production and export to the deep sea. Despite their importance in the ocean carbon cycle, we lack fundamental information about Southern Ocean coccolithophore abundance, species composition, and contribution to carbonate export. A recent study in Biogeosciences has generated annual […]

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Tiny, but effective: Gelatinous zooplankton and the ocean biological carbon pump

March 25, 2020

Barely visible to the naked eye, gelatinous zooplankton play important roles in marine food webs. Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Urochordata are omnipresent and provide important food sources for many more highly developed marine organisms. These small, nearly transparent organisms also transport large quantities of “jelly-carbon” from the upper ocean to depth. A recent study in Global […]

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